{"id":8459,"date":"2020-12-17T05:15:00","date_gmt":"2020-12-17T05:15:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ubiq.co\/tech-blog\/?p=8459"},"modified":"2025-08-29T05:50:29","modified_gmt":"2025-08-29T05:50:29","slug":"how-to-convert-string-case-in-postgresql","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ubiq.co\/tech-blog\/how-to-convert-string-case-in-postgresql\/","title":{"rendered":"How to Convert String Case in PostgreSQL"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>PostgreSQL database supports a wide range of data types including strings and texts of different formats and sizes. It also provides many useful functions and features to easily work with string data types. Sometimes you may need to convert uppercase string to lowercase or lowercase string to uppercase. This is commonly required if your data is stored in a specific case and you need to display it in another case on your website or app, without modifying the actual data. In this article, we will look at how to convert string case in PostgreSQL.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/ubiq.co\/tech-blog\/how-to-convert-string-case-in-postgresql\/#How_to_Convert_String_Case_in_PostgreSQL\" >How to Convert String Case in PostgreSQL<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/ubiq.co\/tech-blog\/how-to-convert-string-case-in-postgresql\/#1_Convert_to_Lowercase_in_PostgreSQL\" >1. Convert to Lowercase in PostgreSQL<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/ubiq.co\/tech-blog\/how-to-convert-string-case-in-postgresql\/#2_Convert_to_Uppercase_in_PostgreSQL\" >2. Convert to Uppercase in PostgreSQL<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/ubiq.co\/tech-blog\/how-to-convert-string-case-in-postgresql\/#3_Convert_First_Character_to_Uppercase\" >3. Convert First Character to Uppercase<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/ubiq.co\/tech-blog\/how-to-convert-string-case-in-postgresql\/#Conclusion\" >Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_to_Convert_String_Case_in_PostgreSQL\"><\/span>How to Convert String Case in PostgreSQL<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>It is very easy to convert string case in PostgreSQL. We will use lower() function to convert string to lower case, and upper() function to convert string to upper case in PostgreSQL. We will also look at initcap() function that allows you to capitalize first letter of every word in a string. Please note, none of the following functions modify the actual data present in your database. They only transform the result of SQL queries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Convert_to_Lowercase_in_PostgreSQL\"><\/span>1. Convert to Lowercase in PostgreSQL<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>lower() function allows you to convert string to lowercase in PostgreSQL. Please note, it will convert your string to lowercase no matter its present case. So whether your string is present as uppercase or camel case or only some of its intermediate alphabets are uppercase, it will be completely converted into uppercase.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here&#8217;s the syntax of lower()<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">lower(string)<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>You can provide string as a literal or a column.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here&#8217;s an example to convert literal string to lowercase in PostgreSQL.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">select lower('TEST Lower');\n   lower\n------------\n test lower\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Here is an example to convert string column to lower case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\"># select first_name,lower(first_name) from employees;<br> first_name | lower<br>------------+-------<br> Jim        | jim<br> TIM        | tim<br> JaNe       | jane<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Convert_to_Uppercase_in_PostgreSQL\"><\/span>2. Convert to Uppercase in PostgreSQL<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>upper() function allows you to convert string to uppercase in PostgreSQL. Like lower() function, this too will completely convert your input string to uppercase, irrespective of whether it is lowercase, or camel case or if only some of its letters are lowercase.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here&#8217;s the syntax of upper()<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">upper(string)<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>You can provide string as a literal or a column.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here&#8217;s an example to convert literal string to uppercase in PostgreSQL.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">select upper('test upper');\n   upper\n------------\n TEST UPPER\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Here is an example to convert string column to upper case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\"># select first_name,upper(first_name) from employees;<br> first_name | upper<br>------------+-------<br> Jim        | JIM<br> tim        | TIM<br> jAnE       | JANE<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Convert_First_Character_to_Uppercase\"><\/span>3. Convert First Character to Uppercase<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Often web developers need to capitalize only the first letter of string. This is especially required if you need to display first name and last name on your site. If you want to capitalize first letter of string then use initcap() function. initcap() function allows you to convert first character of every word in a string into uppercase making it pleasant to read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here is the syntax of initcap()<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">initcap(string)<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>You can use string literal or column name as input. Here is an example of initcap() to convert first character of every word in a string to uppercase. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\"># select initcap('test initcap');\n   initcap\n--------------\n Test Initcap\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Please note, initcap() function will only modify the first letter of each word of your string and leave rest of the characters of the word unchanged. It will not force those alphabets to lowercase. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here is an example to convert string column to upper case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\"># select first_name,upper(first_name) from employees;<br> first_name | upper<br>------------+-------<br> jim        | Jim<br> tIm        | TIm<br> jANE       | JANE<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span>Conclusion<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In this article, we have learnt how to convert lowercase string to uppercase, uppercase string to lowercase and convert string to camel case. These are commonly required use cases in web development and do not require any kind of coding. You just need to simply use these functions in SQL queries. If the result of the queries in required case format, then there is no need to do any transformation via code and you can directly display them on your website. Also, these functions do not modify the underlying data. So your original data in database remains unchanged. They only transform the result.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Need a reporting tool for PostgreSQL? <a href=\"http:\/\/ubiq.co\/\">Ubiq<\/a>&nbsp;makes it easy to visualize data in minutes, and monitor in real-time dashboards.&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/ubiq.co\/accounts\/register\">Try it<\/a>&nbsp;Today!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Also read:<br><a href=\"https:\/\/ubiq.co\/tech-blog\/how-to-concatenate-strings-in-postgresql\/\">How to Concatenate Strings in PostgreSQL<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/ubiq.co\/tech-blog\/how-to-update-multiple-columns-in-postgresql\/\">How to Update Multiple Columns in PostgreSQL<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/ubiq.co\/tech-blog\/how-to-compare-arrays-in-postgresql\/\">How to Compare Arrays in PostgreSQL<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sometimes you may need to convert lowercase to uppercase or uppercase to lowercase. Here is how to convert case of string in PostgreSQL<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8461,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[348],"tags":[462],"class_list":["post-8459","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-postgresql","tag-convert-string-case"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>How to Convert String Case in PostgreSQL - Ubiq BI<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Sometimes you may need to convert lowercase to uppercase or uppercase to lowercase. 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