<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nThe unpacking operator ‘**’, also known as double star operator, is another easy way to quickly merge two or more dictionaries at one go. However, unlike update() function, this method results in a new dictionary and does not update any of the existing ones. Here is an example to merge dictionaries d1 and d2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
d1 = {'a':1, 'b' : 2}
d2 = {'c':3, 'd' : 4}
d3 = {'b':5, 'e' : 6}
d4 = {**d1, **d2}
print(d4) # output is {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3, 'd': 4
print(d1) # output is {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
print(d2) # output is {'c': 3, 'd': 4}<\/pre>\n\n\n\nIn the above case, the dictionary d1’s items are first written to d4 and then dictionary d2’s items are written to it. If there are any duplicate keys, then the values of 1st dictionary are overwritten by those of the 2nd dictionary.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
d4 = {**d1, **d3}
print(d4) # output is {'a': 1, 'b': 5, 'e': 6}
d4 = {**d3, **d1}
print(d4) # output is {'b': 2, 'e': 6, 'a': 1}<\/pre>\n\n\n\nIn the above 2 examples, d1 and d3 have a common key ‘b’. In first case, the the value of ‘b’ is equal to that in d3 whereas in the 2nd case it is equal to that in d1. So the order of merging is important in this case. In both the above cases, the duplicate keys present in first dictionary are replaced by those in second dictionary.<\/p>\n\n\n\n