{"id":2121,"date":"2020-11-12T04:15:01","date_gmt":"2020-11-12T04:15:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ubiq.co\/tech-blog\/?p=2121"},"modified":"2025-11-11T06:48:21","modified_gmt":"2025-11-11T06:48:21","slug":"how-to-use-apache-bench-for-load-testing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ubiq.co\/tech-blog\/how-to-use-apache-bench-for-load-testing\/","title":{"rendered":"How to Use Apache bench for Load Testing"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>When you develop websites and apps, it is essential that they are able to handle the visitor traffic easily. Otherwise, your web server will crash and the website\/app will stop working. For this purpose, developers often rely on load testing procedure, where a server is hit with a specific number of requests to simulate real-world traffic. There are several load testing tools &#8211; paid and free &#8211; available for this purpose. Apache bench (also called Apache benchmark) is one of the most popular load testing tool for websites that run on Apache web server. It is easy to install, and allows you to simulate &amp; test different kinds of website loads, to enable your website to cope with real-world situations. In this article, we will look at how to install, configure &amp; use Apache bench for load testing. We will also look at how to interpret Apache bench results.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/ubiq.co\/tech-blog\/how-to-use-apache-bench-for-load-testing\/#What_is_Apache_Bench\" >What is Apache Bench<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/ubiq.co\/tech-blog\/how-to-use-apache-bench-for-load-testing\/#How_to_Use_Apache_bench_for_Load_Testing\" >How to Use Apache bench for Load Testing<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/ubiq.co\/tech-blog\/how-to-use-apache-bench-for-load-testing\/#1_Install_Apache_bench\" >1. Install Apache bench<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/ubiq.co\/tech-blog\/how-to-use-apache-bench-for-load-testing\/#2_Run_Apache_bench_load_testing\" >2. Run Apache bench load testing<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/ubiq.co\/tech-blog\/how-to-use-apache-bench-for-load-testing\/#3_Interpret_Results\" >3. Interpret Results<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/ubiq.co\/tech-blog\/how-to-use-apache-bench-for-load-testing\/#4_Important_Points\" >4. Important Points<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/ubiq.co\/tech-blog\/how-to-use-apache-bench-for-load-testing\/#Conclusion\" >Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_Apache_Bench\"><\/span>What is Apache Bench<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Apache bench is a free load testing tool meant to test Apache web server. It is basically an http client that sends requests to Apache server, reviews the responses and summarizes results. Although it was built to test Apache server, you can use it with any server that handles HTTP requests. It is widely used by web developers and system administrators to check if their website\/app can handle real-world traffic. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Apache bench offers many useful features to send different kinds of server loads. For example, it allows you to send concurrent requests to simulate real-world conditions. It also allows you to send requests that stay open using HTTP KeepAlive request header, to simulate long running requests.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It allows you to send batches of requests at regular intervals of time to test if your server stays up till the end. Based on server responses, it compiles load testing results. If your server stops responding midway, then it means you may need to upgrade your server.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_to_Use_Apache_bench_for_Load_Testing\"><\/span>How to Use Apache bench for Load Testing<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Here are the steps to install and use Apache bench for load testing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Install_Apache_bench\"><\/span>1. Install Apache bench<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Open terminal and run the following command to install Apache bench<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ubuntu\/Debian<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">$ sudo <code>apt-get update <\/code>\n$ sudo <code>apt-get install -y apache2-utils<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>CentOS\/Redhat\/Fedora<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\"># yum install httpd-tools<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Bonus Read : <a href=\"https:\/\/ubiq.co\/tech-blog\/how-to-remove-index-php-from-url\/\">How to Remove index.php from URL<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Run_Apache_bench_load_testing\"><\/span>2. Run Apache bench load testing<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Once installed, you can directly use it for load testing. Here&#8217;s the syntax for Apache bench.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">$ <code>ab &lt;OPTIONS&gt; &lt;WEB_SERVER_ADDRESS&gt;\/&lt;PATH&gt;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>In the above command, you need to specify your web server address or URL path that you want to test. Please note, if you specify web server address, add a trailing slash (\/) at its end, otherwise Apache bench might give an error. Please note, you can use HTTP as well as HTTPS urls in ab command above.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bonus Read : <a href=\"https:\/\/ubiq.co\/tech-blog\/how-to-install-fail2ban-to-protect-apache-server\/\">How to Install Fail2Ban in Apache Web server<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example, here&#8217;s the command to send 10000 requests with 100 concurrent connections to URL <em>www.example.com\/products<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">$ ab -n 10000 -c 100 www.example.com\/products\/<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>In the above command, we use -n option to specify total number of requests to send, and -c option to specify concurrency. You may alternatively mention -t option to specify the time duration for sending these requests. Here&#8217;s a list of all available <a href=\"https:\/\/httpd.apache.org\/docs\/2.4\/programs\/ab.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">options<\/a> in Apache bench.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>After Apache bench runs the tests, it will produce an output like the following.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"730\" height=\"867\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ubiq.co\/tech-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/apache-bench-testing.png?resize=730%2C867&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3758\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Interpret_Results\"><\/span>3. Interpret Results<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In the above output, Apache will display key metrics such as Time taken for tests, No. of requests completed, Failed requests, Total data transferred, HTML transferred, Requests per second, Time Per Request, Transfer rate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bonus Read : <a href=\"https:\/\/ubiq.co\/tech-blog\/how-to-install-memcached-in-apache\/\">How to Install memcached in Apache<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It also gives a useful stats (min, mean, median, max) about connection times in milliseconds. It also provides a distribution of percent of requests that were completed within a certain amount of time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The results of Apache bench is divided into different sections. The first 8 lines describe your server and load testing setup. The next 10 lines give you the number of requests that were sent, number of completed and failed requests, amount of data transferred, requests per second, mean amount of time for each request, data transfer rate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The next section gives a statistical analysis of connection times &#8211; amount of time to connect, wait and process requests. For each of these parameters, it calculates the min, max, mean and median values.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The last section gives a statistical distribution of the percent of requests served within a given time. This will tell you whether you need to <a href=\"https:\/\/ubiq.co\/tech-blog\/speed-apache-web-server\/\">optimize your server<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Important_Points\"><\/span>4. Important Points<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>There are a few things to keep in mind while running load testing in any server, including Apache. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It is advisable to incrementally increase load and concurrency instead of starting with high value. If your test fails for a specific number of requests of concurrency, try reducing it and running the test again. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>If you get &#8216;too many open files&#8217; error, it means your server has reached concurrency limit. In such cases, you may need to <a href=\"https:\/\/ubiq.co\/tech-blog\/increase-max-connections-apache\/\">increase number of concurrent connections<\/a> allowed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sometimes, your server may stop responding even at low loads. Use other commands like top or htop to determine if your server is busy processing other things. If that is the case, terminate those applications and run the test again.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The latest Apache version will most likely support higher loads. So regularly <a href=\"https:\/\/ubiq.co\/tech-blog\/upgrade-apache-version-centos-redhat-linux\/\">update Apache server<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span>Conclusion<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Hopefully, this article will help you set up and run load testing for Apache web server.&nbsp;Basically, it tells you how many requests your server can handle, over what amount of time and at what speed. It is essential to run load testing periodically to monitor how your server responds to growing traffic. It is equally important to do load testing after rolling major updates to see if it slows down your website. For example, if you have installed a new WordPress theme or plugin, then you will need to run load tests. Since most of the blogs, ecommerce platforms and CMS systems run on Apache server, it is a very useful tool for almost every web development team. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ubiq.co\/\">Ubiq<\/a>&nbsp;makes it easy to visualize data, and monitor them in real-time dashboards.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ubiq.co\/accounts\/register\">Try Ubiq<\/a>&nbsp;for free.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Apache bench allows you to perform load testing for Apache web server. Here is how to use Apache bench for Load testing for your website.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2134,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[221,220],"class_list":["post-2121","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-apache","tag-apache-ab","tag-load-testing"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>How to Use Apache bench for Load Testing - Ubiq BI<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Apache bench allows you to perform load testing for Apache web server. Here is how to use Apache bench for Load testing for your website.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ubiq.co\/tech-blog\/how-to-use-apache-bench-for-load-testing\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How to Use Apache bench for Load Testing - Ubiq BI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Apache bench allows you to perform load testing for Apache web server. 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